TEACHING ENGLISH USING CONTENT-BASED INSTRUCTION (CBI) IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL (A Classroom Action Research in the Second Grade Students of PoltekparLombok)
Abstract
This study examines the improvement of student speaking skill through content-based students’ English speaking skill. More specificly, this study : (1) finding to what extent content-based instruction improved the students’ speaking skill; and (2) to describe the teaching and learning situation when content-based instruction was applied in the speaking class. This study applied action research technique to conduct the research which is consisted of two cycles, with four meetings in each cycle; while each cycle consists planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted at Poltekpar Lombok Praya; the subjects of the research were the university students of second grade in the Academic year of 2018-2019. This study reveals that the teaching using CBI was effective in two aspects: (1) in improving students’ speaking ability: students’ speaking level increased; students could answer the teacher’s questions; students could fluently communicate with their friends by using correct grammatical forms and appropriate vocabulary with good pronunciation; the use of mother tongue was reduced; (2) in improving class situation: the atmosphere in the whole class became alive; students enjoyed the speaking activities; there were many chances for students to practice their speaking skill; students had great motivation to learn speaking; speaking became easy and fun to the students. This study futher showed that CBI was effective and beneficial to improve the students’ speaking competency and the classroom situation.
References
[2] Ayari, Salah ( ). Content-based Instruction and its Application to the Arabic Language Classroom. Texas A&M University. Accessible at: http://www.isna.net/Documents/Programs/Content-based_instruc%20tion%5B1% 5D..Ayari.pdf on July 28, 2010
Accessible at: http://www.google.com/books
[3] Baker, Joanna and Wstrup, Heather (2003). Essential speaking skills: a handbook for English language teachers. Published by Continuum.
[4] Bygate, Martin (1987). Speaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press
[5] Burkart, Grace Stovall (1998). Modules for Professional preparation of teaching assistant in Foreign Languages, Spoken Language: What it is and how to teach it. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. Accessible at: http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/speaking/spindex.htm
[6] Cotter, Hue ( ). ESL Speaking for Advanced Students. Accessible at: http://hubpages.com/hub/esl-speaking-advanced
[7] Cathy, Burnett and Julia, Myers (2004). Teaching English 3-11: the essential guide Continuum.
[8] Dorothy, Gabel (1995). An Introduction to Action Research. Accessible at: http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/danowner/actionrsch.html
[9] Davison, Jon and Moss John (2000). Issues in English teaching. Published by Routledge USA and Canada
[10] Flohr, Susanne and Paesler, Pia (2006). Teaching Listening and Speaking. Drude und Bindung: Books on Demand Gmblt, Norderstedt Germany.
[11] Hale, Chris (2008) Charting New Courses: Second Language Action Research in Japanese Junior and Senior High School. Accent Asia Press.
[12] Hopkins, David (1985), A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research, Buckingham.
Philadelphia: Open University Press
[13] Huebner, Theodore (1960). Audio Visual Technique in Teaching Foreign Language, New York: Cambridge University Press
[14] Keith Johnson, Helen Johnson (1998), Encyclopedia dictionary of applied linguistics: a handbook for language teaching. Blackwell Publishing Ctd.
[15] Lyster, Roy (2007). Learning and teaching languages through content: a counterbalanced approach. John Benjamins B.V.
[16] Madsen, Harold S (1984), Techniques in testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press
[17] Nunan, David (1989). Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[18] Florez, MaryAnn Cunningham (1999). Improving Adult English Language Learners' Speaking Skills. Source: National Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education Washington DC. Accesible at: http://www.ericdigests.org/2000-3/adult.htm
[19] Huifang, Shang (2006). Content-based Instruction in the EFL Literature Curriculum. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11, November 2006. Accessible at: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Shang-CBI.html
[20] Kayi, Hayriye (2006). Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. Source: The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. XII, No. 11. Accessible at: http://iteslj.org/Techniques/Kayi-TeachingSpeaking.html
[21] Kathleen M. Bailey ( ) . Issues in Teaching Speaking Skills to Adult ESOL Learners. Accessible at: http://www.ncsall.net/?id=859
[22] Kitaom S. Kathleen and Kenji Kitao (1996). Testing Speaking. Document Resume ERIC
[23] Peachey, Nik (2003). Content-based instruction. British Council BBC. http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/content-based-instruction Accessed on July 21, 2010
[24] Robinson & Ellis, (2008). Integrated Content and Language Instruction, Accessible at http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/integratedcontent.html
[25] Richards, Jack C and Rodgers, Theodore Stephen (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[26] Richards, Jack C (2006). Communicative Language Teaching Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[27] Rizvi, M Ashraf (2005). Effective Technical Communication. Published by the Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[28] Stryker, Stephen B and Leaver, Betty Lou (1997). Content-based instruction in foreign language education: models and methods. Washington D. C: Georgetown University Press.
[29] Ur, Penny (1996). A course in language teaching: practice and theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[30] Vyas, Manish A and Pate, Yogesh L. (2009) Teaching English as a second language: A new pedagogy for a new century. Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limilted, New Delhi
[31] Widiastuti, Rini ( 2009). Teaching Speaking Through Dialogue.
http://etd.eprints.ums.ac.id/332/ . Accessed on February 12, 2010
[32] William Grabe, Fredricka L. Stoller ( ). Content-based instruction: research Foundations. Accessible at: http://www.univie.ac.at/Anglistik/Dalton/SE08%20clil/Stoller&Grabe970001.pdf on July 21, 2010
[33] Widiastuti Rini (2008) Teaching Speaking through Dialogue
http://etd.eprints.ums.ac.id/332/
[34] Ya-Ling Tsai (2010). The Impact of Content-Based Language Instruction on EFL Students’ Reading Performance. Accessible at: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/viewFile/5379/4492