PENENTUAN PRIORITAS RISIKO MELALUI ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI JAWA BARAT SELATAN
Keywords:
Pariwisata, Risiko & AHP
Abstract
Kawasan wisata pantai Jawa Barat merupakan kawasan wisata yang akan dikembangkan menjadi kawasan ekowisata berdasarkan RIPPDA 2015-2025. Tetapi pada kenyataanya strategi pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh pengelola objek wisata cenderung ke mass tourism. Strategi yang diterapkan ini diharapakan untuk segera meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat karena dianggap akan segera mendatangkan wisatawan tetapi tentu ada sisi negative yang harus juga di antisipasi yang berkaitan dengan kemungkinan terjadinya percepatan terjadinya suatu risiko. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk bisa mengidentifikasi dan menentukkan risiko apa saja yang memiliki potensi tinggi akan memberikan dampak yang besar pada kerugian kawasan wisata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara dan penyebaran kuisioner kepada Dinas Pariwisata, Pelaku Usaha dan Pemerhati lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan analisis kuantitatif menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil yang diperoleh menggunakan aplikasi Expert Choice di dapat risiko-risiko yang memang harus menjadi prioritas untuk segara ditangani berdasarkan persamaan pendapat dari para ahli yang menjadi nara sumber. Informasi yang didapatkan akan bermanfaat bagi pemerintah dan pengelola kawasan wisata sebagai baha pertimbangan dalam membuat strategi pengembangan.
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[2] Barlow, M., Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2013). Great expectations: Different high-risk activities satisfy different motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(3), 458–475. doi:10.1037/a0033542
[3] Britton, S. G. (1982). The political economy of tourism in the third world. Annals of Tourism Research, 9, 331–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90018-4
[4] Buckley, R. (2012). Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox. Tourism Management, 33(4), 961–970. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.002
[5] Cater, C. I. (2006). Playing with risk? Participant perceptions of risk and management implications in adventure tourism. Tourism Management, 27(2), 317–325. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.005
[6] Creyer, E., Ross, W., & Evers, D. (2003). Risky recreation: An exploration of factors influencing the likelihood of participation and the effects of experience. Leisure Studies, 22(3), 239–253. doi:10. 1080/026143603200068000
[7] Christine M., Peter B., Massimiliano S., Markus S., Karen S.R., Luuk D. (2017). Ecosystem- based disaster risk reduction in mountains. Earth- Science Reviews, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.12.011.
[8] Ewert, A., Gilbertson, K., Luo, Y.-C., & Voight, A. (2013). Beyond ‘because it’s there’: Motivations for pursuing adventure recreational activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(1), 91–111.
[9] Flanquart, H. (2012). An unwelcome user? Or how to negotiate the use of a risky space. Journal of Risk Research, 15(10), 1261–1279. doi:10.1080/13669877.2011.609316
[10] Fletcher, R. (2010). The emperor’s new adventure: Public secrecy and the paradox of adventure tourism. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 39(1), 6–33. doi:10.1177/0891241609342179
[11] Franzoni S., & Pelizzari C. (2016). Weather Risk Management in Tourism Industry, Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management (symphonya.unimib.it), n. 1, pp. 45-55.
[12] Gyimóthy, S., & Mykietun, R. J. (2004). Play in adventure tourism: The case of Arctic trekking. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 855–878. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2004.03.005
[13] Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism planning: Policies, processes and relationships (2nd ed.). London: Prentice-Hall.
[14] Harrison, L.C. and Husbands,W. (1996) Practicing Responsible Tourism: International Case Studies in Tourism Planning, Policy and Development. New York: John Wiley and Son.
[15] Houge, S. P., Hodge, K., & Boyes, M. (2010). A positive learning spiral of skill development in highrisk recreation: Reversal theory and flow. Journal of Experiential Education, 32(3), 285–289.
[16] Jeuring, J., & Becken, S. (2013). Tourists and severe weather: An exploration of the role of ‘locus of responsibility’ in protective behaviour decisions. Tourism Management, 37, 193–202. doi:10. 1016/j.tourman.2013.02.004
[17] Kane, M. J., & Tucker, H. (2004). Adventure tourism: The freedom to play with reality. Tourist Studies, 4, 217–234. doi:10.1177/1468797604057323
[18] Kerr, J. H. (2007). Sudden withdrawal from skydiving: A case study informed by reversal theory’s concept of protective frames. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(3), 337–351. doi:10. 1080/10413200701342699
[19] King, R., & Beeton, S. (2006). Influence of mass media’s coverage of adventure tourism on youth perceptions of risk. Tourism Culture & Communication, 6(3), 161–169. doi:10.3727/ 109830406778134081
[20] Kurniawan, G. I. (2019). Assessment of Tourism Risks in Coastal Areas: Preparation of Tourism Development in South Coast Area, Indonesia. Jbfem, 2(2), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.32770/jbfem.vol21-14
[21] Kurniawan, G. I., & Miharja, R. (2020). Risk Management Process and Risk Scheduling Mapping with Pert/Cpm In Karsa Mandiri Utama Garment Company. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(2), 5417–5424.
[22] Lockwood, N., & Sparks, P. (2013). When is risk relevant? An assessment of the characteristics mountain climbers associate with eight types of climbing. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(5), 992–1001. doi:10.1111/jasp.12063
[23] Mackenzie, S. H., & Kerr, J. H. (2012). A (mis)guided adventure tourism experience: An autoethnographic analysis of mountaineering in Bolivia. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 17(2), 125–144. doi:10.1080/14775085.2012.729901
[24] McKay, C., Brander,R.W., & Goff, J.(2014). Putting tourists in harms way: Coastal tourist parks and hazardous unpatrolled surf beaches in New South Wales, Australia. Tourism Management, 45, 71–84. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.007
[25] Middleton,V.T.C. & Hawkins, R. (1998) Sustainable Tourism: A Marketing Perspective. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
[26] Morgan, C., & Stevens, C. A. (2008). Changes in perceptions of risk and competence among beginning scuba divers. Journal of Risk Research, 11(8), 951–966. doi:10.1080/13669870802187691
[27] Morgan, D. (2001). Risk, competence and adventure tourists: Applying the adventure experience paradigm to white-water rafters. Leisure/Loisir, 26(1–2), 107–127. doi:10.1080/14927713. 2001.9649931
[28] Morgan, D., Moore, K., & Mansell, R. (2005). Adventure tourists on water: Linking expectations, affect, achievement and enjoyment to the sports tourism adventure. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 10(1), 73–88. doi:10.1080/14775080500101593
[29] Newsome, D., Lewis, A., & Moncrieff, D. (2004). Impacts and risks associated with developing, but unsupervised, stingray tourism at Hamelin Bay, Western Australia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6(5), 305–323. doi:10.1002/jtr.491
[30] Pleumarom, A. (1994). The political economy of tourism. The Ecologist, 24(4), 142–149.
[31] Rantala, O., & Valkonen, J. (2011). The complexity of safety in wilderness guiding in Finnish lapland. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(6), 581–593. doi:10.1080/13683500.2010.548548
[32] Rickard, L. N., McComas, K., & Newman, S. (2011). Visitor proficiency profiling and risk communication at a national park. Environmental Communication, 5(1), 62–82. doi:10.1080/17524032. 2010.535837
[33] Rickard, L. N. (2014a). Mountains and handrails: Risk, meaning, and responsibility in three national parks. Environmental Communication, 8(3), 286–304. doi:10.1080/17524032.2013.850109
[34] Schilcher, D. (2007). Growth versus equity: The continuum of propoor tourism and neoliberal governance. Current Issues in Tourism, 10(2), 166–193. doi:10.2167/cit304.0
[35] Schlegelmilch, F., & Ollenburg, C. (2013). Marketing the adventure:Utilizing theaspects ofrisk/fear/ thrill to target the youth traveller segment. Tourism Review, 68(3), 44–54. doi:10.1108/TR-032013-0010
[36] Steiner, C. (2006). Tourism, poverty reduction and the political economy: Egyptian perspectives on tourism’s economic benefits in a semi-rentier state. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 3(3), 161–177. doi:10.1080=14790530601132286
[37] Tosun, C. (2000). Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries. Tourism Management, 21, 613–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00) 00009-1
[38] Tosun, C., & Jenkins, C. L. (1998). The evolution of tourism planning in third-world countries: A critique. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4, 101–104.doi:10.1002/(SICI)10991603(199806)4:2<101::AID-PTH100.3.0.CO;2-Z
[39] Uriely, N., Schwartz, Z., Cohen, E., & Reichel, A. (2002). Rescuing hikers in Israel’s deserts: Community altruism or an extension of adventure tourism? Journal of Leisure Research, 34 (1), 25–36.
[40] Ward, W. (2010). Perceived risks and benefits climbing Mt. Whitney: A qualitative application of risk homeostasis theory. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 2(2), 186–190. doi:10.7768/1948-5123.1065
[41] White, K. M., & Hyde, M. K. (2010). Swimming between the flags: A preliminary exploration of the influences on Australians’ intentions to swim between the flags at patrolled beaches. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 1831–1838. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.05.004
[42] Yuksel, F., Bramwell, B., & Yuksel, A. (2005). Centralized and decentralized tourism governance in Turkey. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 859–886.
Published
2021-02-24
How to Cite
Kurniawan, G., Disman, D., Hurriyati, R., & Dagustani, D. (2021). PENENTUAN PRIORITAS RISIKO MELALUI ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI JAWA BARAT SELATAN. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(10), 2057-2068. https://doi.org/10.47492/jip.v1i10.408
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